• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a piston (1) with a ring carrier (2) and a glass bulb (3) for observing processes in a combustion chamber (B) of an internal combustion engine, wherein the glass bulb (3) placed on the ring carrier (2) and in the region inner lateral surface (8) of the ring carrier (2) is firmly connected thereto. To avoid too high thermal stresses in the glass bulb (3), it is provided that the glass bulb (3) is connected to the ring carrier (2) via at least one positive connection (20), and preferably via a frictional connection (30).
    公开号:AT514334A4
    申请号:T50401/2013
    申请日:2013-06-19
    公开日:2014-12-15
    发明作者:Ernst Dipl Ing Dr Winklhofer；Christopher Dipl Ing Dr Techn Huber；Franz Ing Neumann
    申请人:Avl List Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    1 56631
    The invention relates to a piston with a ring carrier and a glass bulb for observing processes in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, wherein the glass bulb is placed on the ring carrier and fixedly connected in the region of an inner circumferential surface of the ring carrier.
    It is known to perform pistons with a viewing window or glass flask to visually observe processes in the combustion chamber can. Various pistons with glass windows or glass flasks are described, for example, in publications JP 2009-209752 A2, EP 1 820 948 A1, DE 60 2005 004 482 T2, WO 05/121 538 A1, LU 90 747 A1, JP 10 142 106 A, AT 392 351 B, JP 54-047 016 A2 and US 2,919,688 A. The glass windows or glass flasks are usually connected via an adhesive bond with the ring carrier.
    In the known pistons with glass windows or glass bulbs, there is the danger that thermal strains and, as a consequence, cracks in the glass bulb may occur as a result of different thermal expansions between the glass bulb, which generally consists of quartz glass or sapphire glass, and the ring carrier made of steel or aluminum significantly reduced the service life of the piston.
    The object of the invention is to avoid this disadvantage and to increase the service life of pistons for observing processes in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
    According to the invention this is achieved in that the glass bulb is connected to the ring carrier via at least one positive connection, and preferably via a frictional connection.
    Preferably, the positive connection is formed by the glass bulb and at least one fastening ring and the frictional connection by the at least one fastening ring and the ring carrier.
    The positive connection may have at least one circumferential groove in the region of an outer circumferential surface of the glass bulb, in which the corresponding reciprocally shaped circumferential groove mounting ring is arranged. 2/20 2
    The frictional connection preferably has an external thread on the outer lateral surface of the fastening ring and a corresponding internal thread of the inner circumferential surface of the annular carrier, wherein the fastening ring is screwed via the external thread into the internal thread of the annular carrier.
    The ring carrier is preferably designed as an inner hollow cylindrical element having an inner and an outer circumferential surface.
    The circumferential groove can be designed as a keyway, so that remains at a thermal expansion of the mounting ring a positive connection to the ring carrier. The wedge shape of the keyway is preferably designed in such a way that the introduction of force into the glass bulb does not exceed a critical level. The keyway has facing first and second wedge surfaces, wherein the second wedge surface has a gas pressure-side end face of the piston at a smaller distance than the first wedge surface. The gas pressure-side end face facing the combustion chamber in the installed state and is acted upon by gas forces during operation. The first wedge surface spans a first wedge angle with a normal plane on the piston axis of the piston arranged in the stroke direction of the piston. Preferably, the first wedge angle is approximately between 30 ° and 70 °, preferably between about 40 ° and 60 °. Tests and simulations have given particularly good results for a first wedge angle of about 52 °.
    By a first wedge angle formed in this way, tensile stresses in the glass can be kept within a permissible range, whereby cracks and fractures-in particular as a result of centripetal forces acting on the piston-can be avoided.
    The fastening ring, which preferably consists of aluminum, can partially compensate for the thermal expansions of the ring carrier relative to the glass bulb and thus prevent loosening or loosening of the glass bulb.
    The mounting ring can be made in one or more parts. In an example, one-piece design of the fastening ring at least one point - preferably completely - be formed cut, whereby the elastically deforming mounting ring can be clamped during assembly over the glass bulb until it comes to rest in the circumferential groove. 3/20 3
    But it is also possible that the fastening ring is formed by at least two parts, for example ring segments, which are connected to each other in the region of facing joining surfaces - preferably via at least one arranged in holes of the joining surfaces connecting pin.
    In order to avoid twisting of the mounting ring, in particular during assembly, the mounting ring is rotatably connected to the glass piston. The rotationally fixed connection can be formed for example by an adhesive connection or positive connection.
    As the material for the fixing ring, aluminum or an aluminum alloy can be selected.
    It is essential that different thermal expansion compensating parts are provided at points of contact between the glass bulb and the ring carrier. To compensate for the different thermal expansions, it is advantageous if the glass bulb has an annular projection which preferably adjoins the circumferential groove on the gas pressure side, wherein an annular bearing surface arranged normal to the piston axis is formed in the region of the projection. Conveniently, the bearing surface rests on an end-face annular surface of the ring carrier, wherein preferably at least one sealing element, preferably a silicone seal, is arranged between the glass piston and the ring carrier. The sealing element seals the interior of the ring carrier against foreign bodies. The annular bearing surface can also be designed as a circumferential groove. It is advantageous if the glass bulb does not rest directly on this sealing element in order to avoid introducing voltages into the glass.
    Furthermore, it can be provided within the scope of the invention that the glass bulb rests against at least one expansion ring resting on the ring carrier at its end facing away from the combustion chamber via at least one counter-holding element. The expansion ring acts as " thermal spring " and consists of a material which has a higher thermal expansion than steel, for example aluminum. Through the expansion ring a frictional connection between the glass bulb and the ring carrier is effected and maintained. As a result, the glass bulb is pressed in only one direction to the flanks of the thread and thus alternating loads and a reciprocating (" rattle ") of the glass bulb in 4/20
    Thread - which could lead to tensions and breakages in the glass bulb - avoided. It can be provided in a simple embodiment that the counter-holder element is formed by a protruding from the inner circumferential surface of the ring carrier paragraph. The heel may be arranged in one or more circumferential sectors of the ring carrier. In order to avoid the occurrence of defined break points, it is advantageous if the paragraph is formed circumferentially. The expansion ring is supported and the glass bulb on the anvil. Thermal expansions of the glass bulb are compensated by the expansion ring.
    Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the counter-holder element is formed by a counter screw, which is non-positively connected to the inner circumferential surface of the ring carrier releasably. If necessary, the glass bulb can be tightened after a certain period of operation by means of the counter screw connection in order to prevent its unintentional release. The Gegenverschraubung can be formed by an external thread having a hollow screw, which is screwed into an internal thread of the ring carrier from the side facing away from the glass bulb and - preferably pressed over the expansion ring against the glass bulb.
    The assembly of the glass bulb and the ring carrier takes place in two steps. In a first step, the fastening ring is clamped onto the peripheral groove of the glass bulb, wherein preferably the fastening ring is adhesively bonded to the glass bulb. The glass piston together with the fastening ring is now screwed together with the clamped fastening ring in the ring carrier until the glass bulb rests with its end facing away from the combustion chamber on the expansion ring. The expansion ring causes an expansion compensation between the glass bulb and the ring carrier and avoids that unacceptably high thermal stresses are introduced into the glass bulb. Alternatively, after screwing in the glass piston, the counter screw connection can be screwed against the expansion ring or the glass piston with a defined torque. The defined torque avoids the introduction of unacceptably high voltages into the glass bulb. The counter screw connection can be tightened if necessary.
    The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the non-limiting exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures. 5/20 5
    Show it:
    1 shows a piston according to the invention in a meridian section in a first embodiment,
    2 shows this piston in an exploded view,
    Fig. 3 shows a piston according to the invention in a meridian section in a second embodiment and
    4 shows this piston in an exploded view,
    Fig. 5 shows the piston of Fig. 1 in a variant in a meridian section and
    Fig. 6. a glass bulb in detail in a meridian section.
    Functionally identical parts are provided in the following embodiments with the same reference numerals.
    The piston 1 of the invention has in all the illustrated embodiments, an example of steel ring carrier 2 and connected to the ring carrier 2 glass bulb 3 made of sapphire or quartz glass, which - when installed in the internal combustion engine - borders on a direction indicated by reference numeral B combustion chamber B. Parts and regions facing this combustion chamber B are hereafter referred to as "gas pressure side". Accordingly, the glass bulb 3 has a gas-pressure-side end face 3a and a gas-pressure-facing backside 3b. The ring carrier 2 is designed substantially hollow cylindrical and has an inner and outer circumferential surface.
    The connection between the glass bulb 3 and ring carrier 2 can be carried out in various ways - for example, a positive connection in the form of a bayonet connection (not shown in the figures) is possible, where in the glass bulb 3, one or more bayonet lugs are executed with the corresponding bayonet guides in the ring carrier Interaction, or vice versa. Hereinafter, another embodiment is described. 6/20 6
    In this case, the glass bulb 3 with the ring carrier 2 via a positive connection 20 and a frictional connection 30 is connected (see Fig. 5). The - positively acting in particular in the direction of the piston axis 100 - positive connection 20 includes a first and a second positive connection element. Accordingly, the frictional connection 30 comprises a first and a second adhesion connection element.
    The first positive connection element is formed by a circumferential groove 5 formed in an outer circumferential surface 4 of the glass bulb 3. An arranged in the circumferential groove 5 mounting ring 6 forms the second positive connection element.
    The circumferential groove 5 is designed as a keyway in the illustrated embodiments, so that a non-positive connection to the ring carrier 2 is maintained at a thermal expansion of the mounting ring 6. 6 shows a representation of the glass bulb 3 without fastening ring 6. The keyway has facing first 5a and second wedge surfaces 5b, the second wedge surface 5b to a gas pressure side end face 3a of the glass bulb 3 has a smaller distance than the first wedge surface 5a. The gas-pressure-side end face 3a of the piston 1 or of the glass bulb 3 faces the combustion chamber B in the installed state and is acted upon by gas forces G during operation. The first wedge surface 5a clamps a first wedge angle a, the second wedge surface 5b with the normal plane ε a second wedge angle, with a normal plane ε normal to the piston axis 100 extending in the stroke direction of the piston 1 (see FIGS. 1 and 3) on. The first wedge angle α is approximately between 30 ° and 70 °, preferably between about 40 ° and 60 °, for example about 52 °. The transition between the first 5a and second wedge surface 5b is carried out substantially rounded for manufacturing and strength reasons - the mounting ring 6 contacts the glass bulb 3 at the two wedge surfaces 5a, 5b, but not in the transition region, for example, for receiving adhesive (adhesive joint 21st indicated) and thus can be used to produce a rotationally fixed connection between the mounting ring 6 and the glass bulb 3.
    The wedge shape of the keyway is designed so that the introduction of force into the glass bulb 3 does not exceed a critical level. As a result, tensile stresses in the glass bulb 3 can be kept within a permissible range, whereby cracks and fractures-in particular due to centripetal forces Z acting on the piston 1 -are avoided. The second wedge angle ß, which helps to ensure the positive connection against the gas forces G, can be carried out substantially arbitrarily within the geometrically possible range.
    The fastening ring 6 is reciprocally shaped to the circumferential groove 5 and consists in the embodiments of two ring segments or parts 6a, 6b (Fig. 2 and Fig. 4), which are joined together in the region of joining surfaces 9a and 9b. Transverse to the joining surfaces 9a, 9b - for example, normal to the joining surfaces 9a, 9b -bores 10 are formed in the ring segments 6a, 6b for receiving a connecting pin 11. FIGS. 1 and 3 show sectional views with the section in the region of the joining surfaces 9a, 9b. By the connecting pins 11, the two ring parts 6a, 6b positioned to each other and connected to each other. However, the fastening ring 6 can also be formed by a one-piece ring, which is at least one point - preferably completely durchtrennt. The fastening ring 6 is made of aluminum, for example.
    On the running with the circumferential groove 5 glass piston 3, the mounting ring 6 is clamped and possibly rotatably connected to the glass bulb 3, to prevent inadvertent rotation of the mounting ring 6 in the circumferential groove 5 during assembly. The rotationally fixed connection can be formed, for example, by an adhesive connection 21 (the adhesive connection is indicated in FIG. 6).
    The positive connection 20 is thus by the first
    Forming connection element in the form of the circumferential groove 5 is formed, which cooperates with the fastening ring 6 acting as a second positive connection element. The fastening ring 6 is received in the circumferential groove 5 (preferably rotationally fixed, for example by gluing).
    The frictional connection 30 is formed in the embodiments by a screw connection between the mounting ring 6 and ring carrier 2. The ring carrier 2 is in the region of its inner circumferential surface 8 with an internal thread (not shown in the figures - is located in the marked with the reference numeral 8a area), which acts as a first adhesion connection element. The fastening ring 6 has the second adhesion connection element 8/20 8 in the form of an external thread (not shown in the figures, but marked by reference numeral 7a) on its outer jacket surface 7.
    The glass bulb 3 is screwed together with the mounting ring 6 in the ring carrier 2 of the side facing the combustion chamber in use of the ring carrier 2, wherein the external thread 7a (second frictional connection element) of the fastening ring 6 in the internal thread 8a (first
    Frictional connection element) of the inner circumferential surface 8 engages and produces a frictional connection 30.
    The glass bulb 3 has a first, upper (or gas-pressure-side) glass bulb section 3 'and a second, lower glass bulb section 3 " each with different diameters Di, D2. The first, upper diameter Di is greater than the second, lower diameter D2. Between the upper 3 'and the lower glass bulb portion 3 " is a projection 12 in the form of a normal to the piston axis 100 formed support surface 12 'is provided (see Fig. 6). The projection 12 is designed as a substantially annular shoulder. In a meridian section (see, for example, Fig. 1 or Fig. 3), therefore, the glass bulb 3 has a T-shaped cross-section. The ring carrier 2 has at its gas pressure-side end to the support surface 12 'of the glass bulb 3 corresponding annular end surface 2a.
    Between the bearing surface 12 'and the annular end face 2a of the ring carrier 2, a sealing element 13, for example a silicone seal or a sealing ring, is arranged. The annular end face 2a can have a circumferential sealing groove 2b for receiving the sealing element 13 and thus for ease of assembly.
    The area between the glass bulb 3 and ring carrier 2 is sealed by the sealing element 13 against foreign bodies, without the additional force is introduced into the glass bulb 3.
    The glass bulb 3 is thus according to the illustrated embodiment with the ring carrier 2 via the mounting ring 6 positively and non-positively connected. The fastening ring 6 thus represents a connecting element that holds the glass bulb 3 in the ring carrier 2 by being connected to the glass bulb 3 via a positive connection 20 and with the ring carrier 2 via a frictional connection 30. 9/20 9
    This allows a simple installation, which allows an optimal, low-voltage connection of the glass bulb 3 and ring carrier 2 despite the different thermal expansions of the individual components occurring during operation.
    The low-tension installation is supported by the following measures:
    In the interior of the ring carrier 2, a counter-holder element 16 is provided, against which the rear side 3b of the glass bulb 3 facing away from the gas pressure rests. Between the back 3b and the counter-holder element 16, an expansion ring 15 is arranged for receiving thermal expansions, which is preferably made of a material having a higher thermal expansion than steel. The glass bulb 3 is thus supported with its rear side 3b facing away from the combustion chamber B via an expansion ring 15 made of aluminum on the anvil member 16 from.
    By the expansion ring 15, a frictional connection between the glass bulb 3 and the ring carrier 2 is effected and maintained, even if one of the two connection partners (usually made of steel ring carrier 2) expands or contracts by the action of heat. As a result, the glass bulb 3 and the fixing ring 6 are pressed in one direction only on the flanks of the thread of its frictional connection and thus alternating loads and a reciprocating ("rattling") of the glass bulb 3 in the frictional connection 30 - resulting in stress and breakages could lead in the glass bulb - avoided. Optionally, between the expansion ring 15 and the glass bulb 3, a further additional sealing element 14 (see FIG. 5), for example, a standard seal made of spring steel, be arranged as a compensation element to avoid damage to the glass bulb 3, if it for example by tilting the glass bulb 3 to detachment comes.
    In a first variant (see FIGS. 1, 2 and 5), the counterholder element 16 may be formed integrally with the ring carrier 2 and may be formed by a shoulder 17 protruding from the inner circumferential surface 8 of the annular carrier 2. This paragraph 17 can be divided into individual, spaced along the inner circumference of the ring carrier 2 circumferential sectors, but also executed circumferentially. 10/20 10
    In a second variant (FIGS. 3 and 4), the counter-holding element 16 is formed by a counter-screw connection 18. The Gegenverschraubung 18 has on its outer side an indicated by reference numeral 18a external thread, with which it is screwed in an indicated by reference numeral 8a Innenverschraubung the inner circumferential surface 8 of the ring carrier 2.
    The glass bulb 3 is thus screwed by means of the mounting ring 6 in the ring carrier 2 until it rests on the bearing on the anvil member 16 expansion ring 15. If the counter-holder element 16 is formed as a counter screw 18, the glass bulb 3 does not have to be completely screwed in but the fixation can be ensured by turning the counter-screw 18. As a result, if necessary, a retightening of the glass bulb 3 during operation is possible. 11/20
    权利要求:
    Claims (19)
    [1]
    11 CLAIMS 1. Piston (1) with a ring carrier (2) and a glass bulb (3) for observing operations in a combustion chamber (B) of an internal combustion engine, wherein the glass piston (3) placed on the ring carrier (2) and in the region of inner circumferential surface (8) of the annular carrier (2) is fixedly connected thereto, characterized in that the glass bulb (3) with the ring carrier (2) via at least one positive connection (20), and preferably via a frictional connection (30) is connected ,
    [2]
    2. piston (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the positive connection (20) through the glass bulb (3) and at least one fastening ring (6) is formed.
    [3]
    3. piston (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the frictional connection (30) through the at least one fastening ring (6) and the ring carrier (2) is formed.
    [4]
    4. piston (1) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the positive connection (20) has at least one circumferential groove (5) in the region of an outer circumferential surface (4) of the glass bulb (3), in which the corresponding reciprocal to the circumferential groove ( 5) shaped fastening ring (6) is arranged.
    [5]
    5. piston (1) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the frictional connection (30) has an external thread (7a) on the outer circumferential surface (7) of the fastening ring (6) and a corresponding internal thread (8a) of the inner circumferential surface (8 ) of the ring carrier (2), wherein the fastening ring via the external thread (7a) in the internal thread (8a) of the ring carrier (2) is screwed.
    [6]
    6. piston (1) according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the fastening ring (6) is integrally formed. 12/20 12
    [7]
    7. piston (1) according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the fastening ring (6) at least one point - preferably completely - is severed.
    [8]
    8. piston (1) according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the fastening ring (6) by at least two ring segments (6a, 6b) is formed, which in the region of facing joining surfaces (9a, 9b) - preferably via at least one in bores (10) of the joining surfaces (9a, 9b) arranged connecting pin (11) - are interconnected.
    [9]
    9. piston (1) according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the fastening ring (6) consists of aluminum.
    [10]
    10. piston (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the glass piston (2) has a - preferably combustion chamber side of the circumferential groove (5) adjoining - annular projection (12), wherein in the region of the projection (12) a normal to the piston axis (100) arranged annular bearing surface (12 ') is formed.
    [11]
    11. Piston (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the bearing surface (12 ') rests on an end face annular end face (2a) of the ring carrier (2), wherein between the glass bulb (3) and the ring carrier (2) at least one sealing element (13), preferably a silicone gasket, is arranged.
    [12]
    12. Piston (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the glass bulb (3) on its gasdruckabgewandten rear side (3b) on at least one on at least one counter-element (16) on the ring carrier (2) supporting the expansion ring (15 ), wherein preferably the expansion ring (15) consists of aluminum.
    [13]
    13. Piston (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the counter-holder element (16) by one of the inner circumferential surface (8) of the annular carrier (2) projecting shoulder (17) is formed.
    [14]
    14. piston (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that the counter-holder element (16) by a counter screw (18) is formed, which is non-positively releasably connected to the inner circumferential surface (8) of the ring carrier (2).
    [15]
    15. Piston (1) according to one of claims 2 to 14, characterized in that the circumferential groove (5) is designed as a keyway, so that at a thermal expansion of the mounting ring (6) a non-positive connection to the ring carrier (2) is maintained.
    [16]
    16. piston (1) according to claim 15, characterized in that the keyway facing each other first and second wedge surfaces (5a, 5b), wherein the first wedge surface (5a) to a gas pressure side end face (3a) of the glass bulb (3) has a smaller Distance than the second wedge surface (5b).
    [17]
    17. piston (1) according to claim 16, characterized in that the first wedge surface (5a) with a normal plane (ε) on the piston axis (100) of the piston (1) spans a first wedge angle (a), wherein the first wedge angle ( a) is approximately between 30 ° and 70 °, preferably between 40 ° and 60 °.
    [18]
    18. Piston (1) according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the ring carrier (2) is designed as a hollow inside cylindrical element having an inner circumferential surface (8) and an outer circumferential surface.
    [19]
    19. Piston (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 18, characterized in that the fastening ring (6) with the glass bulb (3) is rotatably connected, wherein preferably the rotationally fixed connection by an adhesive connection (21) or another positive connection is formed. 2013 06 19 Fu / Bt 14/20
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    同族专利:
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    US9828937B2|2017-11-28|
    AT514334B1|2014-12-15|
    JP6412119B2|2018-10-24|
    DE112014002372A5|2016-01-28|
    CN105378256A|2016-03-02|
    WO2014202394A1|2014-12-24|
    US20160153394A1|2016-06-02|
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    法律状态:
    2020-02-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20190619 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50401/2013A|AT514334B1|2013-06-19|2013-06-19|Piston with a ring carrier and a glass bulb|ATA50401/2013A| AT514334B1|2013-06-19|2013-06-19|Piston with a ring carrier and a glass bulb|
    PCT/EP2014/061696| WO2014202394A1|2013-06-19|2014-06-05|Piston with a ring carrier and a glass piston|
    DE112014002372.8T| DE112014002372A5|2013-06-19|2014-06-05|Piston with a ring carrier and a glass bulb|
    US14/899,641| US9828937B2|2013-06-19|2014-06-05|Piston with a ring carrier and a glass piston|
    CN201480038017.4A| CN105378256B|2013-06-19|2014-06-05|Piston with annular load-bearing part and glass piston|
    JP2016520363A| JP6412119B2|2013-06-19|2014-06-05|Piston with ring carrier and glass piston|
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